Posted by The Colosseum is a majestic testament to the engineering and grandeur of ancient Rome and an iconic symbol of the Eternal City. When visitors enter this massive amphitheater, they are transported back in time and discover the layers of history that shaped this magnificent structure. The purpose of this article is to provide a detailed exploration of the Colosseum’s past history and to provide visitors with an understanding of its historical significance.
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Beginnings and construction of the Colosseum
The Colosseum’s origins date back to the Flavian Dynasty, when Emperor Vespasian began construction in 72 AD. His vision was to create a monumental venue for public spectacle that would captivate Roman audiences. The Colosseum was completed in 80 AD under his successor Titus and further expanded by Domitian. It developed into a marvel of architectural skill.
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Colosseum History
Magnificent building
Made primarily of travertine limestone, tuff and brick, the Colosseum is a testament to Rome’s engineering prowess. The oval shape, high arches and tiered seating reflect the careful planning and skill of ancient Roman architects. The Colosseum can accommodate up to 80,000 spectators and is designed to host a variety of events to entertain and fascinate audiences.
Gladiator battles and more
The Colosseum became synonymous with the spectacular spectacle of Rome, where gladiator fights, animal hunts, re-enacted sea battles and theatrical performances took place. Gladiators, often slaves or prisoners of war, risked their lives in epic battles that captivated audiences. These events, known as “munera,” served as a form of entertainment for the emperor and a way to display his wealth and power.
The end of the Colosseum
With the decline of the Roman Empire, the splendor of the Colosseum also declined. The decline of Roman civilization led to changes in social values and eventually the amphitheater was abandoned for more practical purposes. The once majestic buildings fell into disrepair and became quarries for building materials in the Middle Ages.
Colosseum: rediscovery and restoration
The Renaissance saw a renewed interest in classical antiquity, leading to efforts to preserve and restore ancient monuments. In the 19th century, systematic excavation and restoration projects were carried out with the aim of restoring the Colosseum to its former glory. Today, ongoing conservation plans ensure that this iconic structure continues to provide a visible link to Rome’s glorious past.
Tip: Good guided tour of the Colosseum, including ticket, can be booked online without queuing
Visit to the Colosseum
Visitors to the Colosseum can immerse themselves in its rich history through guided tours, audiovisual presentations and interactive exhibitions. The Colosseum, along with the adjacent Roman Forum and Palatine Hill, offer a comprehensive exploration of ancient Roman life and culture. Travelers are recommended to plan their visit in advance and purchase smartphone tickets for the Colosseum online in advance. Such tickets are available on the website Getyourguide. If you buy tickets on site, you often have to queue for hours.
The Colosseum: History chronologically
70–72 AD: Beginning of Vespasian’s reign
Emperor Vespasian begins construction of the Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheater, on the site of Nero’s former palace.
80 AD: Under Titus, the Colosseum was completed after only 8 years of construction
Vespasian’s successor Titus inaugurated the Colosseum with epic 100-day games of gladiator fights, animal hunts and sea battles.
81–96 AD: Further modifications by Domitian
Titus’ brother Domitian embellished the stadium by building the Hypogeum, a complex system of tunnels and elevators beneath the stadium.
5th century: decline and neglect
With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the use of the Colosseum declined and fell into a state of neglect. Parts of the structure were repurposed for other buildings.
12th century: medieval reuse
The Colosseum was used as a quarry for building materials in the Middle Ages. Stones from the amphitheater are used to build churches and palaces.
18th century: archaeological interest
The Enlightenment sparked a new interest in classical antiquity and the Colosseum became the subject of archaeological exploration.
19th century: excavations and restoration
Archaeological excavations have revealed the foundation and structure of the Colosseum. Restoration efforts, including reconstruction of some areas, aim to preserve the monument.
20th century: number 1 attraction in Rome for tourists
The Colosseum has achieved cult status as a symbol of ancient Rome. It has become one of the most popular tourist attractions, attracting millions of visitors every year.
21st Century: An Ancient Monument
Ongoing projects focus on preserving the Colosseum for future generations. Technological advances help in documentation and restoration- The Colosseum has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and has captured the hearts of visitors from all over the world.
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The construction of the Colosseum
The construction of the Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began under the Roman Emperor Vespasian in 70-72 AD and was completed under his successor Titus after only about 8 to 10 years in 80 AD. The construction was an important architectural and technical achievement for ancient Rome. The main aspects of the construction of the Colosseum:
Choosing the location of the Colosseum:
The Colosseum was built on the site of Nero’s Golden House, a huge palace complex that fell into disuse after the emperor’s death.
Architecture:
The architectural design is the work of Roman engineers and architects of the time, including Titus Flavius Vespasianus (Titus) and his brother Domitian. The oval shape and tiered rows of seats were things that allowed for a large audience.
Materials for building the Colosseum:
The Colosseum was built primarily from travertine limestone, tuff (a type of volcanic rock), and brick. The outer walls were covered in marble, but this was later removed.
Dimensions and size Colosseum:
The Colosseum is oval, about 188 meters (615 feet) long, about 156 meters (510 feet) wide, and about 48 meters (157 feet) high. It featured a complex seating system divided into different sections for different social classes.
Arena and Geposium:
The central arena, where gladiatorial games and other attractions took place, had a wooden floor covered with sand. Below the arena was the Hypogeum, a series of underground tunnels and chambers that housed animals, gladiators, and equipment. Trap doors and elevators made it easier for performers and animals to access the arena.
Construction technology:
The Romans utilized advanced architectural techniques, including the use of complex systems of arches and vaults to support their massive structures. The use of concrete, a Roman innovation, played a crucial role in the construction of the Colosseum.
Inauguration ceremony:
The Colosseum was officially opened by Titus in 80 AD, beginning with a series of major games and attractions that lasted 100 days. These events demonstrated the versatility of the amphitheater and confirmed its status as a symbol of Roman entertainment.
Subsequent changes:
Titus’ brother Domitian built the Hippogeum and made other changes, including adding decorative elements.
Despite earthquakes, fires and centuries of neglect, the Colosseum remains a landmark of ancient Roman engineering and is one of the most visited historical sites in the world.